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我是特种兵之利刃出鞘

郭星元

终于下决心开贴了，这次旅行回来已经一年多了，最近事情比较多，自己也对码字很头疼，今天浏览一番去年的旅游照片，再不写点东西，有些事情的细节可能就会遗忘了。喜欢旅游的人，对欧洲是很向往的，10多年之前已经去过二次，一次是单位的福利，走马观花的15天10多个国家，稀里糊涂的就结束了旅行。第二次是陪老妈跟旅行团去的，摆脱不了上车睡觉，下车尿尿，景区拍照，回来啥也不知道的结局。现在岁数大了，有时间国内国外的到处走走看看，这几年也走过不少地方，感觉欧洲还是值得再次深度旅游。要想玩的好，那绝对不能跟旅游团，自己去的话，行程安排就是个头疼的事情，欧洲那么大，几乎每个角落都有可看可玩的地方，放弃任何地方都是可惜的事，一次玩遍欧洲的话，是件很费力的大事。对着地图研究了很长时间，分两次玩遍欧洲是最好的选择，一次是从最南边的土耳其开始，一路北下，贯穿欧洲到最北边的北极圈。一次是以欧洲中部为主由东到西的环游，每次时间计划在60天左右。游遍欧洲的旅游计划行程确定好了，让老婆选择先行路线，最后确定先走环游欧洲路线，交通工具是在德国法兰克福租车自驾。路线确定下来，下面就是证买机票订旅店和租车，这些事情，有很多贴写的很详细，我就不再啰嗦，值得重点说的是，我们去欧洲的机票是北京经俄罗斯中转到法兰克福，已经到了俄罗斯了，为何不办一个俄罗斯过境，顺道去俄罗斯玩一次。申请德证完成后，又成功申请了俄罗斯二次过境证，每次不超过72小时。最后的行程是这样的：北京出发,法兰克福进出，飞机在莫斯科经停,顺路先去俄罗斯的圣彼得堡.然后到德国的法兰克福,在法兰克福租车，先去海德堡,维尔茨堡，走一段古堡之路，主要游览德国南部众多的古堡和小镇。随后到达布拉格，游玩东欧匈牙利,捷克,斯洛伐克三国。后进奥地利维也纳。再反走阿尔卑斯之路，沿途欣赏色彩浓郁的阿尔卑斯山风光,在起伏平缓的丘陵地带，峻峭的山峰、绿色的森林、古老的乡村、浪漫的山谷,还有迷人的”世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特.随后再次进入德国，重温有浓郁色彩的德国小镇和德国巴伐利亚国王的几个皇宫。国王湖和天鹅堡是重点.紧接着就是期盼的瑞士风光，苏黎世进入瑞士，日内瓦出瑞士进入法国，去法国西南部的普罗旺斯看薰衣草，而后去法国著名海滨城市尼斯.沿途游览几个法国城市后直奔西班牙巴塞罗那，观赏马德里附近的几个古镇，流连在各个充满了伊斯兰和古罗马风味的特色城堡。最后去这次的最远端葡萄牙的里斯本。返程途中游览法国西北部海滨城市和卢瓦尔河谷。取道卢森堡到达科隆，走莱茵河谷经科布伦茨到美因茨后回到法兰克福还车。再飞到莫斯科玩2天，最后回北京。预计57天,自驾路线大约1万多公里。路线为：北京—莫斯科—圣彼得堡—莫斯科--法兰克福--海德堡--维尔茨堡--班贝格--纽伦堡--布拉格--布拉迪斯拉发--布达佩斯--维也纳--梅尔克修道院--哈尔施塔特湖--戈绍--萨尔茨堡—国王湖--阿尔卑巴赫—阿亨湖--瓦腾斯水晶--因斯布鲁克---米腾瓦尔德--加米施-帕腾基兴---上阿玛高--林德霍夫宫--普兰湖--菲森--新天鹅堡--列支敦士登--林道--圣加伦--施泰因--苏黎世--卢塞恩--龙疆湖--因特拉肯--劳特布龙嫩--米伦—图恩湖--施皮茨--伯尔尼--马特洪峰--西庸古堡--洛桑--莫尔日--日内瓦--阿纳西--阿维尼翁--薰衣草胜地瓦郎索勒—尼斯--戛纳--马赛--艾克斯--阿尔勒--阿格德--巴塞罗那--萨拉戈萨--马德里—塞哥维亚--阿维拉--托莱多--格拉纳达--科尔多瓦---塞维利亚--梅里达---里斯本--辛特拉--法蒂玛-萨拉曼卡--布尔戈斯--维多利亚--圣塞瓦斯蒂安海滨--比亚里茨--巴约讷---波尔多---图尔--枫丹白露宫--特鲁瓦--卢森堡--科隆--科布伦茨--美因茨--法兰克福—莫斯科—北京。圣彼得堡夏宫莫斯科红场普罗旺斯看薰衣草世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特奥地利瑞士尼斯蔚蓝海滨法国卢瓦尔河谷城堡西班牙葡萄牙有了行程单，证就很好办，住宿我们都是在BOOKING上提前订好，基本上没有变化。租车提前2个月预定，价格有优势。这次旅行，两个人总花费包括证在内不到8万元人民币。出门旅游最大的消费就是交通费，我们欧洲环游是自驾，做好行程后，在网上发帖寻找旅伴，有一对绍兴夫妇与我们一啪即合，同步的申请证与订住宿，四个人完成了整个行程，这样，自驾这部分租车费，汽油费，过路费，存车费等四人均摊，费用自然降下来。住宿费排名第二，根据各自对住宿条件的喜好程度，费用也参差不齐。我们的住宿平均55欧，基本上是中下水平。饭费也占相当大的比例，我们自带了电饭煲和电磁炉，大部分是自己做饭。在这么长时间总吃西餐人也会疯的。自己做一些顺口的食物，即能保证营养，费用也下降不少。早餐基本上是稀饭和自带的咸菜，再煎鸡蛋或煮鸡蛋，配面包。中餐基本是自带的面包加火腿和各种涂抹料，配牛奶和果汁与蔬菜。晚餐米饭，自做的一荤一素一汤。葡萄酒每晚一瓶是必不可少的节目，牛排，猪排，鸡，鱼是晚餐的主打菜。感觉与在国内自己做菜的费用相差不大，欧洲人在吃饭上是很便宜啊。简单贴一个我们这次旅行的路线图。从图中可以看出，我们的旅行路线基本上就是中世纪神圣罗马帝国的疆域。去一个地方旅游，应该简单了解一下这些地区的历史和人文及信仰。欧洲的历史比较复杂，但从神圣罗马帝国开始就简单的多。这个神圣罗马帝国与罗马凯撒大帝时期的罗马帝国完全是两码事。神圣罗马帝国全称为德意志民族神圣罗马帝国或日耳曼民族神圣罗马帝国，与962年建立，止于1806年。这是一个松散的政治联邦，由王国、大公国、公国、侯国、宗教贵族领地和帝国自由城市组成，他们承认皇帝为最高权威，但各个王国又独立自主。皇帝由七个选帝侯选举产生。这其实就是现在欧盟的鼻祖。帝国的疆域包括近代的德国、奥地利、匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡，瑞士，西班牙，葡萄牙，法国东部、意大利北部和中部。帝国的发展历史也是各诸侯国争夺皇位的历史，从15世纪初起，皇位均由奥地利哈布斯堡家族占据，查理五世（1519～1558）是最具代表性的一位君主。他们的大本营是奥地利，匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克。进入17世纪以后，普鲁士崛起，建立普鲁士王国，随之也就带来了争霸的战争。结局是奥地利哈布斯堡家族惨败。能与神圣罗马帝国相抗衡的只有高卢人，北欧，奥斯曼帝国和欧洲大陆之外的英国。拿破仑的出现打破了这个平衡，16个神圣罗马帝国的成员脱离帝国，加入拿破仑邦联。1806年拿破仑勒令神圣罗马帝国皇帝弗朗茨二世于8月6日放弃神圣罗马帝国皇帝尊号，仅保留奥地利皇帝称号。宣告神圣罗马帝国从此退出历史舞台。1815年，拿破仑战争结束，德意志邦国被并入组织松散的德意志邦联，由奥地利领导。普鲁士新国王威廉一世和卓越的政治家俾斯麦的出现，又一次打破僵局，铁血宰相俾斯麦领导的普鲁士与哈布斯堡家族领导的奥地利展开一场为争夺霸权的普奥战争。站在普鲁士方面的，有梅伦堡、奥尔登堡和北德意志的其他各邦，以及汉堡、不来梅和吕贝克3个自由市和意大利。站在奥地利方面的，有萨克森、汉诺威、巴伐利亚、巴登、符腾堡、黑森一加塞尔、黑森一达姆施塔德和德意志邦联的其他成员国。从大邦国的数量和人口、面积来说，奥地利方面占有优势。但是，从军事实力来说，普鲁士则显然强于对方。但结局是普鲁士大胜，1866年8月23日，奥地利完全退出旧的北德意志联邦。随后的普法战争，普鲁士打败法国，普王威廉一世登基为德国皇帝，德国成为欧陆最强的大国。到此，欧洲各国的格局基本形成。现行的欧盟是不是复辟了过去的神圣罗马帝国我们不得而知，但申根条约的实施却对欧洲大陆的旅游提供了方便。第一天，行程开始。北京机场与绍兴的旅友汇合，洲际航空UN8888 北京 - 莫斯科.起飞0040,到达.0440. 总时长8小时。我们都变成了追日的夸父，由于经纬度的变化，机窗外粉红的彩带一直伴随了我们飞行的大部分时间，这是不是就是传说的永不日落的晚霞？准时到达莫斯科伏努科沃VKO机场，出关也很顺利。我们申请了俄罗斯过境证，机票就变为北京--莫斯科往返加莫斯科--法兰克福往返，在莫斯科中转不在同一个机场。今天我们要赶往圣彼得堡。由于到达时间早，机场快线还没有开始，但第一班公交车611路刚好到达。语言不通，但手机里有莫斯科地铁的照片，拿给司机看，司机点头。莫斯科的公交车没有售票员，市民坐车基本都买公交卡，司机收了我们四人共100P，给一个卡。上车后，打卡才能通过类似公园大门的自动刷卡机进入车厢。来俄罗斯之前，也看过不少人写的游记，都说俄罗斯人粗野，警察也会找麻烦。在车上，小心翼翼的拿出提前打印好莫斯科地铁站名的纸片，与周围人询问下车的地方，还是有人会帮你，坐了将近一个小时，到站后，司机也喊我们该下车了。下公交车，坐红色地铁线去火车站。莫斯科的地铁致是一个红色大写的“M”字，下车后，远远就能看到。从莫斯科去圣彼得堡的火车站在莫斯科地铁红线的Комсомольской（中文叫共青团站）(红线跟环线的交叉站)站，这个站棕线上的站台很漂亮。俄罗斯人大多数不会讲英语，去俄罗斯旅游，打印一些日常用语带在身边有很大的帮助。贴一些我找到的俄罗斯常用语。城市名字：1．莫斯科Москва 2．圣彼得堡Санкт-Петербург莫斯科景点：1．列宁墓 мавзолей ленина 2．圣瓦西里大教堂Храм Василия Блаженного 3．克林姆林宫Кремль 4．新圣女公墓Новодевичьекла69;дбище5．克里姆林宫Кремль6．红场 красная площадь 7．历史博物馆 Государственный Исторический музей 8．瓦西里升天大教堂 Храм Василия Блаженного9．地下商场Охотный ряд10广场манежная площадь 11．普希金造型艺术馆 Государственный музей изобразительных искусств им. А.С. Пушкина 12．大剧院Большой Театр (Bolishoi Teatr 13．跳蚤市场Вернисаж （Vernisaj　） 14．莫斯科大马戏团 Большой московский цирк 15.新圣女修道院Hоводевечий Монастырь 16特列季亚科夫画廊Государственная третьяковскаягалерея1．十月火车站МОСКВА ОКТЯБРЬСКАЯ 2．库尔斯克火车站МОСКВА КУРСКАЯ3．雅罗斯拉夫火车站 МОСКВА ЯРОСЛАВСКАЯ 4．白俄罗斯火车站МОСКВА БЕЛОРУССКАЯ 5．地铁共青团站Комсомольской 6．圣彼得堡主火车站САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ-ГЛАВН.7．库尔斯克地铁站КУРСКАЯ 8．白俄罗斯地铁站БЕЛОРУССКАЯ9．起义广场地铁站Площадь Восстания10．游击队站（跳蚤市场）Партизанская 11．麻雀山站Воробьёвы горы12．大学站Университет 13．基督救世主教堂Храм ХристаСпасителя14．老阿尔巴特街Старая улица Арбат15．莫斯科的列宁格勒火车站： MOSKVA OKTYABR'SKAYA 16．全俄展览中心地铁站：ВДНХD．日常用语：1．地铁 метро2．入口 вход（夫货的） 3．出口 выход（威货的）4．售票处 касса5．票 билет 6．厕所 туалет（阿列特）7．谢谢 спасибо 8．对不起 извините9．火车站 вокзал；Железнодо10．公共汽车 автобус 11．退票 возврат билета.12．票数билет в Суздаль в13．时间 пожалуйста.14．银行банк（班克）15．注册就是暂住证регистрация 16．行李寄存处Камера хранения17．城际列车Пригородный поезд 18．直达谢尔盖耶夫的城际列车站Ярославский Вокзал 19．汽车站остановка 20．硬卧плацкарт, platzkart. 21．纯软卧那种мягкий22．软卧包厢купе(kupe)圣彼德堡景点： 1．彼得宫城（夏宫）Петродворец 2．普希金城（皇村）Царское Село3．巴甫洛夫斯克ПАВЛОВСК 4．克鲁泡特金地铁站Кропоткинская 5．叶卡捷琳娜宫ДворецЕкатерины 6．斯莫尔尼宫ДворецСмольный 7．滴血大教堂Спас на Крови 8．尤苏波夫宫Юсуповский дворец 9．彼得保罗要塞Петропавловская Крепость食物：1．红菜汤（罗宋汤）．Борщ 2鱼子酱Икра 3．煎饼Блины 4．烤肉Шашлык 5．克瓦斯Квас 6．三文鱼семга 7．某种红鳟鱼форель 8．少盐的слабосоленный 9．烟熏的подкопченный 10．矿泉水негазированный出地铁站首先看到的建筑。回头看是地铁出站口。这里有3个火车站（喀山，亚罗斯拉夫，列宁格勒），我们当时也不知道那个是去圣彼得堡的火车站，拿着打印好的纸片问旁边的警察，警察很热心的指给我们看对面。我拿出相机拍对面的火车站，把警察摄入也没有引起他的不满意。谁说莫斯科警察不好惹？我拍照时，一对年轻情侣过来主动要求拍照，并作出夸张的表情，与我们做友好的互动，霎时间，对莫斯科民众的那些不友好传说完全消失。买票时得知，今天早晨去圣彼得堡的快速火车只有两趟车，现在已经没有票了，下午有一班车，只有几张剩票。赶紧掏钱买票。价格是真心贵。这就是我们不懂外文的弊病，如果能在国内提前在俄罗斯铁网上订票，不仅不会发生这样的事，价格还会便宜不少。改变计划，先存包在火车站，在附近吃早饭，然后坐地铁去红场。大街一角矗立着列宁的雕像。列宁是俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国（世界上第一个社会主义国家）的缔造者、布尔什维克党的创始人、十月革命的主要领导人、第一届苏维埃政府人民委员会主席。我在很小的时候就看过原苏联录制的描写列宁一生的电影----“列宁在1918”。如果没有列宁，苏联也可能会走向大部分欧洲皇家变革的君主立宪制。如果真是那样，世界的格局不知道要变成什么样子？莫斯科地铁票已经涨价。单次票40P。20次票540P，进入后，可以随意转车，也可以多人使用一张卡。贴一张莫斯科地铁图和红场周围景点图。莫斯科地铁车厢太落伍了，没有空调，上边有个小窗户开着，跑起来后声音震耳欲聋，倒是可以吹点凉风进来。中国中车可以打进俄罗斯市场，提供些现代化的车厢了。车厢不怎么样，但地铁站太值好好看看了，索科尔站的苍穹顶、斯摩棱斯克站的圆柱式大厅、基辅站的巨大拱门大厅和巨型壁画(以十月革命为主)、白俄罗斯站的英雄群雕、诺沃斯洛波德站的民族风格壁画、普希金站诗一般的圣洁、高尔基站(现改名为特维尔站)的神韵，以及最美丽的被誉为“20世纪建筑艺术精品”的马雅可夫斯基站..... 坐地铁来到红场（Okhotnt ryad，红线，绿线，蓝线的交叉站）。红场的意思是“美丽的广场”，“红色”在俄语里包含“美丽”的意思。地面全部由条石铺成，既独特又显得古老而神圣。红场是莫斯科人的骄傲，它是莫斯科的中心广场，见证了莫斯科的历史变化。首先来到二战英雄朱可夫骑马的雕像前，他身后是国家历史博物馆。我们只有上午的一点时间，只能走马观花看看红场的外景了。朱可夫骑马雕像的右前方是国家杜马。国家博物馆的右边，在俄罗斯式的凯旋门前有一个蓝顶绿墙的小教堂，教堂门口有人围着的地上有个铜的圆环，这个就是莫斯科的市中心的志，站上去扔个硬币吧，据说是可以带来好运。([]

猎美征途

林彦心

自助行游东南亚是我期待了许久的，因本人“英格丽诗”太差，心中甚是胆怯而一直未能成行。今年寒假，原计划去贵州的，路书做好了，结伴帖子发了，QQ群也建了，等了好些天，因时间碰不上头，也没能找到一个能走完全程的伴，此时有影友又说，今年贵州到处在修路，道路状况极差，不宜出游。正在犹豫之际，爱旅游的一位同事做了个计划准备去东南亚一游，和我商量，有同事“垫底”，我这“英格丽诗”很差的人也没啥好怕的了，我俩一拍即合，走，去东南亚！于是乎，“成就”了我的这趟东南亚越柬老之旅。此行越柬老之旅的行程路线为：徐州——郑州——广州——胡志明市——大叻——芽庄——会安——顺化——胡志明市——金边——暹粒——四千美岛——琅勃拉邦——勐腊——昆明——南京——徐州共历时31天。此为序。PS本帖谢绝转载，如有需要，请站内短信联系。 1月18日徐州——郑州1月18日晚，在徐州乘坐K419于1月19日凌晨340到达郑州。凌晨的火车站，除了出站的人流外，只有出租车等在站外，冬季清冷的夜，无心在外徘徊，出站立刻打了辆出租车赶到了民航大酒店。去民航大酒店是为了乘坐民航大巴去机场，郑州民航大巴火车站发车的第一趟是630，赶不上我805分的航班，又不想花钱打车去机场，就想转到民航大酒店乘坐600的第一趟大巴过去，没成想民航大酒店那天召开省人大会议，不接待任何外来人员，保安人员与武警战士双重把门，谁也不让进，让我这个凌晨4点到那里的“客人”流落到了街头。在最冷的冬日里一个人背个55+10升的大包在冬季凌晨的大街上转悠，很有点流浪者的感觉。我就以这样的方式，开始了我的东南亚之旅。（因半夜独自乘坐火车不适宜拍片，故该日无片） 1月19日郑州——广州凌晨540，来到民航大酒店西边乘坐大巴，40分钟后到达郑州新郑机场。托运行李，取登机牌，安检过后在8号登机口候机。745CZ3319航班开始登机，805飞机准时起飞。两个小时后，飞机平安降落在广州新白云机场，电话预定好的东之宾馆服务人员前来接机。东之宾馆处于广州新白云机场的机场生活区内，这是个属于广州白云区人和镇的居民区，一个小小的城镇，各项生活设施一应俱全，虽说离市区有一定的距离，但生活还是很便利的。我对繁华的广州似乎没有什么兴趣，之前去过广州两次也没怎么在广州转悠，这次在广州转机去越南，依旧没有去市区的想法，因此就在这机场附近找了个宾馆落下了脚。整整一天我哪也没去，就在小镇附近走了走，吃了点东西，然后就是睡觉、看书，也不想去市区，有小镇的生活我就知足了，都市的繁华与奢华生活与我关系不大。晚上830，同伴们都到齐了，明天广州飞胡志明市，开始我们的东南亚自助出境游，境外的一切都是陌生的，在忐忑中期待着。。。1月20日广州——胡志明市东之宾馆一夜好觉，清晨8：00起床，830去人和镇商业街吃早餐。之前女儿就一再“嘱咐”，到了广州要吃肠粉啊，我就推荐大家去吃肠粉。于是四个人一人要了一份肠粉，第一次吃肠粉，原以为肠粉是米粉像云南米线一样的东东，无非是汤里加些大肠之类，没想到完全不是那么回事，它是用笸箩现做米粉皮，米粉皮里卷上些肉末、蔬菜等，将米粉皮卷成小卷，再切成小段食用。我这才明白，肠粉是形状像肠而非真实的动物大肠。再拌上点佐料，口感确实不错。中午1230的航班，1000东之宾馆的小面包将我们送到了机场。办理好登记手续去候机大厅时才知道CZ373次航班因南昌下雪影响了起飞而延误了。预告1400起飞，等到1400，飞机仍未到达，在机场每人吃了一盒快餐继续候机。一直在关注着航班信息。。。机场便利店，物品的价格的可不低。一直等到1630才开始登机，20分钟后飞机从白云机场起飞，傍晚1920降落在胡志明市。空中看晚霞。。。飞机降落后过关入境，原以为要填写入境卡接受边检，没想到从空中进越南，啥手续都不用，直接拿护照到关口验证过关，不费吹灰之力就入了越南境。一分钱也没收，顺当的“一塌糊涂”。如今的越南也在效仿我国进行改革开放，他们称为革新，对于渐渐开放的越南而言，入境的人是越多越好。出了关到机场找大巴，问了一个机场外的服务人员巴士在哪，回答我们说晚上700机场就没有大巴了，只能打的士。此时过来一个的士司机，想拉我们生意，开口要我们6人20美金，这个价格有点高，我们没接受，随后就连说带比划的和司机讨价还价，最后以18美金的价格谈妥，司机将我们送到范五老街269号的NgaLoangHotel旅店。NgaLoangHotel旅店我们住的是多人间，9人间，每人7美金，房间内有卫生间和浴室，还有空调，环境不错，房间也很干净，这是一个类似青旅的地方，住在这里的基本全是外国游客，从现在起，我们就在越南当起了外国人。安顿下住处后出去逛街，一路走过去，看什么都新鲜，兴奋的不行。一行6人边走边逛，说说笑笑，口袋里没有越南盾，想吃晚饭都不成，赶紧的找兑换点换钱。比较了几个地方，有一个小店的汇率是1美金换20050越南盾，汇率相对比较合算，每人在这里兑换了50美金，然后就去吃pho bo（就是牛肉米线），喝鲜榨果汁。经过两个小时的闲逛，大概熟悉了下范五老街的情景，也了解了如何购物，如何兑换，到哪里吃饭，怎样买电话卡等等，自助出境游原来也很简单，没想象的那么复杂和困难，原先心里的忐忑与“恐惧感”也开始慢慢打消了，剩下的就是如何安排行程了。以我以往的出游经验，以后自己自助出境应该问不大了，哈哈，这感觉真不错。 27000盾一碗的PHO BO 。。。这是我在越南期间吃过的最好的米线，之后在越南的行游里，吃的方面最想念的就是它了 PHO BO的配料——薄荷叶，生豆芽，小柠檬，红辣椒和鱼露。在越南，几乎所有的蔬菜都是生着吃，小柠檬是代替醋用来调味的，鱼露是越南的一种特殊调料，有点腥臭味道，中国人可能会有点不习惯，不过我还尝试了一下。在范五老街上闲逛了一个晚上，吃了，喝了，也累了，回旅馆睡觉，准备第二天找个旅行社参加胡志明市一日游。 1月21日胡志明市一日游早晨730起床，下楼吃早餐。早餐全法式，法棍一个，炒鸡蛋一份，咖啡一杯，黄油、果酱各一份，这份早餐算是非常丰盛了，7美金的房费早餐就占了2美金。早餐后想找辆TUTU车去逛市区景点，出门转了一大圈也没见有个TUTU，只有出租在街上跑，看来胡志明市眼下已没有什么TUTU车了，满街的都是出租车，看来书上的攻略已经过时。正在我们找TUTU期间，来了个旅行社的人叫我们旅店的洋客人，一问，原来是参加一日游的，这个导游还会说中文，咳，真巧，干脆跟她过去吧。到了斜对门的旅行社，与导游和经理一商量，每人8美金，6人48美金跟了个一日游的小团开始了我们的胡志明市游。第一天晚上到胡志明市只是在范五老街区转了一圈，范五老街区是个国外背包客区，这里的洋人游客远比本地人多得多，车子开出范五老街区，才算是进了越南人生活的地儿了，我人坐在车上，心在外头，从眼前飘过的一切都是新鲜的，喀喀喀，一路拍个不停，相邻异国的风情都进了我的镜头。出租车的车身上都印有公司电话，而且都非常好记，看一眼就不会忘记，这倒是个好办法，国人可以借鉴。街上悬挂的越南文大语，只是一个字不认识，不知写的啥。08年底去过一次河内，感觉河内经济落后而且乱糟糟的，西贡看起来比河内要好些。穿着奥黛的美女骑摩托送孩子上学小饰品店永远是美女们的最爱，只可惜越南美女都骑摩托戴头盔捂口罩，根本看不清脸不管是河内还是胡志明市，乱的电线是越南的一大“特色”。越南美女我们参加的是一个小团，一辆面包车十几个人，挺好，只是导游是个说英语的，一路叨叨的我一句没听懂，后来索性不听导游的了，就用自己眼睛看，关于景点不了解的内容我干脆回家来“百度”。参观的第一个“景点”是战争博物馆。博物馆的原來名字叫“美军罪恶博物馆”（Museum of American War Crimes），越南和美国建交后才改了名字。博物馆的前身是美军情报中心。虎笼——崑岛监狱监禁方式之一。从走进这里开始，一种阴森恐怖的气氛就一直“围绕”在身边。。。([]

惊天剑帝

袁依婷

金秋十月，有幸与中国民俗摄影协会徐州分会一起去华北晋冀摄影采风行。国庆长假，对去哪里和怎么去一直是个很纠结的事情。十一长假，金秋季节，不出去吧，觉得错失好季节，出去吧，又担心车满人满，到哪里都是人挤人，人挨人，这对于不爱凑热闹的驴友影友们而言是个大忌。正巧摄影协会也在讨论此事，最后决定走一条冷门线路，来一次金秋晋冀摄影采风行，哇，好线路，二话不说，咱报名，于是乎，就“成就”了这趟旅行线路：徐州—清西陵—紫荆关长城—蔚州古城—上苏庄—空中草原—蔚县—暖泉古镇—大同—悬空寺—应县—恒山—平遥—徐州D19月30日徐州—清西陵 9月30日晚上8：00，一行32人包了一辆大客出发了，一车的欢声笑语，一夜的辛苦旅途，于10月1日清晨到达此行的第一站——清西陵。D2 10.1清西陵—紫荆关—乌龙沟—蔚县清西陵位于河北省易县城西15公里处永宁山下，离北京120多公里。周界约100公里，面积达800余平方公里。清西陵是清代自雍正时起四位皇帝的陵寝之地，陵内共有14座陵墓，包括雍正的泰陵、嘉庆的昌陵、道光的慕陵和光绪的崇陵。此外还有3座后陵，以及若干座公主、妃子园寝。我们第一个参观的是光绪的崇陵。崇陵是光绪皇帝的陵墓，也是我国最后一座帝王陵墓。光绪帝名载湉，爱新觉罗氏。其父是道光皇帝的第七子醇亲王，其母叶赫那拉氏，是慈禧太后的胞妹。同治帝病故后，由慈禧太后做主，指定继承皇位。崇陵始建于1909年，陵址名叫金龙峪。其规模虽不如雍正、嘉庆的陵墓那样庞大，没有大碑亭、石像生等建筑，但它除继承清代建陵规制，参照咸丰帝定陵、同治帝惠陵的风格外，又吸收了古代建筑技术的某些精华，仍具有它的特色。整个陵寝根据守卫和祭把的需要，建筑了五孔桥、巡房、牌楼门、神厨库、三路三孔桥、朝房、班房、隆恩门、燎炉、配殿、隆思殿、三座门、石五供、方城、明楼、宝顶和地宫。皇家的陵寝就是不一样，入陵的牌楼门都是这么有气派。步入牌楼门看这汉白玉桥栏杆的“三路三孔桥”，真有天安门金水桥的范儿。隆思殿内用的木料均为异常珍贵的铜藻、铁藻，质地坚硬无比，用这种木料制作一把普通太师椅，重量竟高达百余斤，所以隆思殿被誉为“铜梁铁柱”，且梁架之间增加了隔架料，既能托顶，又使殿内更加美观。隆思殿内的四根明柱，底部有海水江涯图案，柱身为一条金龙盘绕向上，较其它帝陵的宝相花更加富丽堂皇。尽管非常之奢华，皇家，最终也随着流逝的时光成为了过去。。。。后面的这座院落，便是光绪皇帝的陵寝。光绪登基时，正值清朝面临内忧外患，营造陵寝的工程不能如期破土动工，一直拖延到1908年，光绪皇帝驾崩，1909年才由宣统朝着手操办。修建期间，清朝已走向灭亡，宣统皇帝与隆裕皇太后退位，于是向中华民国政府提出要求：“德宗崇陵未完工程，如制妥修，其奉安典礼，仍如旧制，所有实用经费，均由中华民国支出。”当时，南京临时政府的议和代表及各省都督，对清室要求宽大应许。正门显然不是我们走的，我们自然是走边门进入。　光绪驾崩时，陵还未建，他的梓宫(棺椁)在故宫观德殿暂安。1909年3月，光绪的棺椁又由观德殿迁往西陵梁格庄行宫停放，一路起落，共耗银438400多两。虽然北京至西陵当时已通火车，但光绪棺椁仍用人抬。前面有卫兵开道，随后是皇帝和王公大臣，后面还有隆裕皇后、瑾贵妃等，最后是1400多辆轿车。棺椁拾至阜城门，仅十里远，就撤掉纸钱1000斤，用银260两。北京至西陵行程240华里，抬杠夫每天分为60班，每班128人，轮流抬着棺椁艰苦行进。沿途支搭三宿芦殿，耗银29000两，经过四天三夜，才把光绪的棺椁运到梁格庄行宫，安放于正殿之中。不知当时从北京至西陵行程240华里，杠夫每天分为60班，每班128人，经过四天三夜，轮流抬着棺椁是如何艰苦行进的，但从这陵寝正殿可以感受出当时的排场了。正在这高大的地宫正殿前拍摄，突然从上面跑下来一个孩子，我赶紧抓住机会咔嚓了一张，为这阴气沉重的陵寝增添了点“活气”。来此参观的人们大多是来凭吊下这段历史的，同时也通过这些看看皇家的奢靡生活。大殿下面的地宫才是摆放灵柩的地方。据说在光绪的棺椁正式安放崇陵地宫之际，清朝的遗老遗少还在这座帝王陵前，演出了一幕极尽愚忠的闹剧。光绪的老师梁鼎芬是比较典型的一位，他在崇陵的修建过程中，经常到工地瞻祝，为工程的修建筹款募捐。在为光绪送葬时，他由两个亲随搀扶着在陵前执绋(牵引灵枢的大绳)，从行宫一直走到下宫殿。当人们将棺椁、随葬品布置妥当退出地宫后，唯有梁鼎芬疯疯癫癫地坐在地宫内预备给光绪殉葬。后被其亲随背出，才算完事。还真有为清朝皇帝自愿殉葬的忠臣哦。尽管清廷的遗臣为修建崇陵费尽心思，光绪还是没有能够在他的地下寝宫里平安地长眠下去。1931年军阀混战时期，一伙不明身份的兵匪盗掘了崇陵地宫，多数随葬品被劫走。地宫中合葬着光绪帝和他的隆裕皇后，这是他们的棺椁，其陪葬物品自然是一无所有了。。。。。。。。。清西陵北依峰峦叠翠的永宁山，景态雄伟。这里有华北地区最大的古松林，数以万计的古松、古柏把这一带装点得清秀葱郁，古朴大方。这陵墓前还有个壁照，也是用来辟邪的吗？为了增强排水性能，每个宫殿基部都建有2米宽的散水，明楼前和三座门前分别挖砌了御带河，地宫内凿有14个水眼与龙须沟相通。妃子墓，妃子墓的琉璃瓦装饰就不是黄色的而是绿色的了。这满院子里的树让这沉寂的陵墓区不显得那么阴森了。这是珍妃的墓。清帝后妃有两位女子曾获“珍妃”这一封号，一位是道光帝珍妃赫舍里氏，另一位就是广为人知的光绪帝宠妃他他拉氏。珍妃（1876年－1900年），他他拉氏，满洲镶红旗人。清朝光绪皇帝妃子，也是最为受宠的妃子，后因获罪于慈禧而被投井杀害。而道光帝的珍妃赫舍里氏（1804－？）则卒年葬处不详。恪顺皇贵妃（1876年—1900年）他他拉氏，满洲镶红旗人，人们一般习惯按她曾获封的珍妃来称呼她。清朝光绪皇帝的侧妃，也是最为受宠的妃子，生于光绪二年二月初三为礼部左侍郎长叙之女。光绪十四年(1888年)10月初五慈禧太后选定其弟，副都统桂祥的女儿叶赫那拉氏为光绪帝之后，同时封珍妃与她的姐姐瑾妃为嫔，时瑾嫔15岁，珍嫔13岁。光绪二十年，两人同时晋封为妃。珍妃其祖父乃陕甘总督裕泰，其父长叙曾任户部右侍郎，其伯父长善乃广州将军，珍妃与其姊瑾妃自幼随长善在广州长大。珍妃10岁那年，长善卸任广州将军，她与姊姊随同北返北京。 1889年，珍妃两姊妹被入选宫中，13岁的她被封为珍嫔，15岁的姐姐封为瑾嫔，嫔为九等宫女序列中的第六等，直至光绪二十年甲午春(1894年)，因慈禧太后六旬万寿加恩得晋嫔为妃，前面还有皇后、皇贵妃、贵妃三个等级。光绪26年(1900年)8月初，八国联军集结兵力进攻北京，慈禧太后挟持光绪帝慌忙出逃。[行前，命太监将幽禁于北三所寿药房中的珍妃唤出，推入位于慈宁宫后贞顺门的井中淹死。当时，珍妃年仅25岁。瑾妃的墓光绪十四年（1888年），在光绪帝的选后大典上，瑾妃和妹妹珍妃同时入选，成为光绪皇帝的妃子，并在隔年元月行大婚礼，之后个别以瑾嫔和珍嫔的身分入宫。在入宫之后，瑾嫔住在东六宫之一的永和宫，妹妹珍妃也同样的住在同为东六宫之一的景仁宫。瑾嫔在宫中并未如妹妹珍嫔一般，获得光绪帝之宠幸，相反的，她和皇后—叶赫那拉˙静芬一般受到冷落，但瑾嫔并不以为意。六年之后，两人被晋升为瑾妃和珍妃。光绪二十年（1894年），珍妃因故得罪慈禧太后，姊姊瑾妃也受到牵连而一同被降为贵人，但在隔年两人又恢复了原本的妃子位号，但珍妃却受到了监禁，而瑾妃却依然保有自由、继续住在永和宫。光绪二十六年（1900年）七月，八国联军攻入京师，慈禧太后携宫眷出逃紫禁城，瑾妃便是其中一员。在宣统皇帝溥仪登基之后，瑾妃继续住在永和宫，并被尊为兼祧皇考瑾贵妃。在宣统逊位后，上徽号为端康皇太妃，她和溥仪的关系似乎不坏，溥仪称他为皇阿娘，每遇年节还会请她一同欢庆。溥仪退位后的次年，隆裕太后崩逝，瑾妃在四大太妃的地位中有所提高，她在四大太妃中年龄最轻，思想也较开通。民国十一年，在逊清朝廷为溥仪议婚时，瑾妃支持以婉容为皇后。瑾妃在永和宫过著很有品味的生活，时常以丹青书法自娱。在永和宫的摆设中，有着数样的瓶盘盆景、上头都镶嵌著精致出色的钟表和花鸟人物，同时她也是一位美食家，经常派人到京城附近的天福号买酱肘子供她吃早餐，由于瑾妃喜爱美食，因此永和宫里的小膳房，烹饪相当地出色，逊清的王公旧臣都爱吃她赏的饭。1923年,瑾妃五十寿辰,特邀请梅兰芳等著名京剧演员入宫演戏. 民国十三年（1924年），在和溥仪及其余逊清皇室成员欢度中秋佳节后，瑾妃受了风寒一病不起，五天后因情况恶化而死在永和宫，享年五十一岁，并以端康皇贵妃的身分，下葬于光绪帝的崇陵妃园寝。谥为温靖皇贵妃。在崇陵，还有做骑马旅游生意的，只是这么点路程，并没什么人骑马，这里的马儿就悠哉悠哉了。参观完崇陵接着去看泰陵。雍正的泰陵，居于陵区的中心位置，是清西陵中建筑最早、规模最大的一座。其余各陵则分布在东西两侧。泰陵的神道，由三层巨砖铺成，两边苍松翠柏，上南往北分布着40多项大大小小的建筑。 ([]

hp

吴佑诚

这是一个迟到的作业！鳌太穿越回来后，一直忙于工作，眼看2012年就要过去了，总得在世界末日之前把作业完成了，算是有个交代。鳌太穿越路线，近几年比较火，相关情况也就不啰嗦了，本贴只是把个人穿越的经历简单介绍一下，与关心鳌太的驴友们分享！鳌太穿越是昆嵛山游击队去年完成狼C穿越（https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1186521-1-1.html）后，今年选定的长线穿越计划。时间初步定在六月的下旬。今年春季，游击队为鳌太行进行了集体性、系统性的拉练。光负重40斤以上的模拟拉练就进行了4次。确定的出征人员包括我共六人。而实施熬太穿越时，我却因为工作关系而未能参加。送战友出征的那一刻，看到他们个个信心百倍、斗志昂扬，心里甭提多难受了！为不能与战友们一起攻坚克难完成穿越而难过，更为不能与战友们一起欣赏大美风光而顿足！当队长他们凯旋归来，在为他们庆贺接风的同时，我已悄悄地做出了一个决定：一个人完成熬太穿越，补上这一课。做出这一决定，既不是冲动，也不是冒险。因为：一是有队长他们走过一次的经验和GPS轨迹，二是游击队春季拉练的体能储备，三是2010年曾完成过太白穿越，对太白山基本情况的了解。可以说万事俱备只欠东风，这东风就是：一个时间窗口，一个好的天气。如何分析、判断天气变化，确定一个出发的窗口，对能否顺利完成穿越至关重要！经查看天气预报，并与宝鸡的驴友杰米多次交流，初步判断：9月1号雨后，会有4-5天的好天气。就是它了，遂决定9月2号进山，4天完成穿越。按7天准备食物，并与队长约定，7天没消息就请求救援。总的来说，这次鳌太穿越计划完美、实施顺利。9月2号下午330从塘口进山，9月6日中午1230从厚畛子出山，差3个小时是4整天。一、出发前的准备。既然决定一个人走鳌太，各方面的准备工作必须做扎实了。 1、体能方面。除了一直参加集体拉练的基础，就是平时注意加强锻炼，游泳、徒步、登山等。行前一周，自己又搞了一次模拟重装拉练。对自己的体能还是有信心的。 2、攻略方面，以队长的攻略为基础，拟订了一个4天的计划，并针对性的搜集了一下图片，对等高线图、影像图等进行了反复研究。这样鳌太穿越路线在心中就有了一个完整的概念. 3、装备方面。单人穿鳌太，必要的装备必须带，但要尽可能轻量化，最后确定带速干衣一套、抓绒衣一套、冲锋衣裤一套、MSR超轻帐篷一顶、HW鹅绒睡袋。为应对突发恶劣气候，还带了一件压缩羽绒服，这件羽绒服一直在包里没打开过。所有衣物都装在防水袋里。 4、食品及药品。虽计划4天，但食品数量是按7天准备的，还外加一包压缩饼干。必要的药品、纱布绷带等医用品一应俱全。 5、天气方面。这是熬太穿越，或是太白穿越是否顺利完成的很重要的因素，从8月中旬就一直密切关注太白县、周至、宝鸡等地的天气情况。关于天气情况分析，后面还要详细说。 6、GPS及导航。带GPS一部，里面有6月份游击队走鳌太的轨迹，还有指南针和20米等高线地形图。穿越过程中，基本上没用GPS导航，以查看地形、寻找前人走过的路线为主。大雾天则用指南针判别方向。二、天气分析鳌太穿越计划初步定在9月初，但具体的出发日期要根据鳌太的天气情况而定。从8月中旬就密切关注太白周边地区的天气情况，当看到8月26到31号连续大雨（预报是暴雨），9月1号预报天气好转，初步判断，9月1号以后应该有几天好天，于是着手各项准备工作。到8月28、29号再次查看天气预报，结果是9月1号以后有4-5天好天气，遂确定了行程计划：8月31从烟台出发，9月1日中午到西安，下午坐西安到太白县的车，在太白休整一晚，9月2号一早进山。对天气情况的分析，与宝鸡驴友杰米进行了多次沟通，另外还就进山起点以及租车等有关事宜麻烦杰米，在此感谢杰米的大力支持！鳌太穿越或太白穿越，天气因素至关重要！一个好的天气，不但能使你的穿越轻松顺利，还能饱览太白风光。而雨雪天或者大雾天，将使你的穿越难度增加几倍、十几倍，甚至有生命危险。近几年熬太事故频繁，都与恶劣天气有关。记得2010年8月16-18日，与蹄子、睡莲三人太白北南穿越（https//bbs.8264.com/thread-486632-1-1.html），也是在认真分析天气情况下安排的行程。穿越路线：鹦哥--平安寺--大文公庙--大爷海--跑马梁-万仙阵--将军庙--都督门。用时2天半。当时对天气的判断是16号一天好天，17号半天到一天好天，18号下雨。由此确定，16号一早必须开始穿越，利用一天到一天半的时间，将鹦哥到大爷海的这段上升路段拿下。跑马梁及后面的将军庙路段是平道和下坡路段，即使下雨也能按计划完成穿越。而我们的火车晚点3个小时，15号到西安已经是晚上630了，如果16号耽误在去鹦哥的路上，那么穿越将变得很艰难。不得已，求助西安的同学提供支援，连夜将我们送到鹦哥镇，确保了穿越按计划进行。穿越的实际情况是：16好一天的好天，17号走到跑马梁水窝营地时大雾，能加度不足50米，到将军庙扎营时变成大雾加中雨；18号半天是在雨中走的，中午到都督门时雨还一直下。所以，认真研究天气情况，是鳌太穿越的必备功课。这次独行鳌太圆满顺利，完全得益于这4天的好天气，尽管中间也遇到大风大雾，但整个行程还是以好天为主。9月7日上午回到西安，下午就开始下雨了。三、行前会议。确定了8月31号（周五）出发的日期，30号晚游击队核心成员搞了个小型聚会，算是我出征鳌太的行前会议，这也是队长他们6月份成功穿越鳌太庆功宴以来，游击队第一次聚会。会上，我详细通报了这次独行鳌太的具体计划和日程安排，队长他们介绍了6月份鳌太行的有关情况，对鳌太穿越中的难点、容易迷路的地方以及沿途补水点、营地情况等做了详细介绍。4人一起对我的行程安排、装备、食品、药品等一一进行了梳理。根据我对天气情况的分析，9月2号以后应该有4-5天的好天气，利用这一有利条件，顺利完成鳌太穿越是完全可能的。但考虑到鳌太气候多变的特点，鳌太穿越全是好天也是不可能的，设想了最坏的情况并商讨了应对方案，对可能的下撤路线一一进行了查看、分析。这次穿越计划时间是4天，考虑到是单人穿越，应尽量缩短穿越的时间，因此穿越的起点由原来计划的塘口，调整到23KM管理处。并与队长他们约定，以7天为限，7天没消息，也就是9月8号晚没有消息，就直接联系西安蓝天救援队和当地警方组织救援。考虑到单人穿越熬太非同一般，和队长他们商定出发前就不发消息了，等成功出山后再发。这主要是怕朋友们担心，因为8月份刚刚发生了鳌山5人失踪事件，4人已找到，仍有1人下落不明，救援工作还没结束。还有就是鳌太刚刚下了4天大雨，新闻报道说太白地区山洪爆发，多处塌方，冲毁道路等，这些消息肯定会让朋友们更担心我的安全。所以不发消息事出无奈，等出山后再做解释吧。四、一波三折的起步阶段万事开头难！此话不假！这次进山前的种种波折，我算是领教了这句话的真正含义！！！原定的计划，不得已而不断的变更。之所以选择坐长途汽车，就是想9月1号晚上赶到太白县，9月2号一早开始进山。去西安之前，电话咨询确认，每天下午240和330有两趟西安发太白县的班车。烟台到西安的长途汽车是头天下午230发车，约18个小时可以到西安，一算应该是第二天的上午8、9点到，这样上午可以补充食品，下午班车到太白县。而火车是下午300多到西安，而且这趟火车几乎每次都晚点，肯定赶不上去太白的班车。所以选择做长途汽车而不是火车。计划的很完美，而现实是，各种不顺把这个计划化为了泡影。 8月31号下午登上去西安的长途班车，连夜赶路。夜里2点，过了豫陕交界处，高速公路交警勒令休息，休息的时间是200-500。夜里睡不着，就跟值班的交警聊天，问这个规定是啥时候出的，答曰去年就有了，因为延安客车伤亡事故，最近严格执行这一规定。不光是双层卧铺，所有客车都得执行。规定咱得执行，可这时间就耽误3个小时。询问司机，说中午1200可以到西安，想想12点到也还来得及赶上班车，补充食品那就到太白县办理吧！ 5点，车准时出发。天下小雨，伴有薄雾，当830，车行驶到新安县的某个地方时，车停了，不一会高速路上的车就排出去了20公里。本以为停一会就放行了，可是直到中午1200依然没有动的迹象。哎，这叫什么事啊？在这前不着村后不着店的地方，就这么傻呆呆的等！没人告诉你为什么？没人告诉你还要等多长时间？高速路的交警呢？一直没看见人影。熬到下午2点，实在坚持不住了，只好打听着，到离高速路约1公里的村子买了泡面、饼干、咸菜、零食什么的，做好了长期抗战的准备。也就是在这个村子的小卖店，才知道这里属河南新安县。对于这种无法预测的等待，真的让人郁闷、无助，就像一个看不到头的灾难，给人一种恐惧的感觉。眼看着下午的雾气貌似越来越重，真不知道啥时是个头啊？终于，到下午330放行了！额的神啊！！！到达西安已是晚上8点了，白白的浪费了7个小时的时间，啥都耽误了。值得安慰的则是，伴随着一路的雨，下车时还下着呢，而到睡觉的时候已经停了，天也放晴了。无奈、上火都没用，调整计划吧！晚上宿西安，明天一早赶往太白县。火车站买好了9月8号的返程票，采购了必备的食品，城西客运站旁边找了家宾馆住下。急也没有，反正是今天赶不到太白了，洗了个热水澡，美美地睡上一觉。 9月2号早晨600，来到城西客运站。客运站刚开门，问了一下，上午没有去太白县的客车，还是下午那两班车，仔细询问，原来这车是太白县跑西安，下午返回。听说这几天太白地区暴雨洪水，道路被冲，感觉等这车有些不靠谱。经车站工作人员推荐，可以先到眉县，眉县跑太白县的车多。就这么定了，转道眉县去太白县。买了西安去眉县的车票，730发车。等车的时后，抬头看看，天气晴朗，漫天朝霞！真是一个好天啊！心里反倒焦急了起来，恨不得马上飞到徒步起点，开始穿越。730汽车准时发车。车出西安，沿途风光好！因前几天大雨，渭河还有其他河流，水位暴涨，洪水咆哮！910到眉县长途车站。进卖票处一问，因太白大雨，眉县至太白县公路被冲毁，班车停发。又遇波折。然后问，怎么去太白县？答曰转车。先到潘家湾，换乘宝鸡--太白或宝鸡--陈仓的班车。只好这样了。渭河泥浆般的洪水，水位依然很高。1040到潘家湾。在潘家湾等了将近30分钟，连续两辆班车都因客满而拒绝我们上车（我和太白县的一位老同志），天气这么好，而我却在中途滞留，就看着时间这么流失了，着急啊！在这儿耽误一个小时，就可能因此而在穿越中耽搁半天，甚至更长时间，真的不敢去设想。时不我待，必须尽快赶到徒步起点。遂决定打车到太白县，并告诉太白的那位老同志，免费带他到太白县。于是，讲好了价钱，我们二人同乘一车奔向太白。当车进入秦岭，看到青山绿树，蓝天白云，心情大好，终于可以松口气了！但是且慢，后面还有波折在等着，此是后话，回头再讲。暂且不管它，先欣赏美景吧。途中，还免费搭载一位解放军战士。1200到达坡顶，下了坡就是太白县。1240到达太白县城。找到了粮食局对面的户外店，买了两个气罐，加上自己带的，这次穿越鳌太共带了3个气罐。买好了气罐，租好了车，到市场买了洋葱和大头菜和大葱，当车出县城时已是下午1点多了。马不停蹄，奔向计划的登山点--23KM管理处。沿途能看见洪水冲倒的树木。司机师傅告诉我，要打电话尽快打，爬上山坡后就没信号了。我赶紧给队长打了个电话，告诉他已经进山，从23KM管理处登山。也给家人打了个电话，说就要进山了，这几天没有信号，等出山再联系。没想到的是，又遇波折。就在离23KM登山处还有17、8公里的时候，洪水把道路完全冲毁，公路部门正在抢修道路，问什么时候可以修通，回答说要明天下午。于是，原路返回，奔向备用登山点--塘口。再次经过太白县城，驶向塘口。途中，和队长再次联系，告诉无法从23KM管理处登山，登山点改为塘口。并和队长说了起步阶段的种种波折，队长说要淡定，后面的行程一定会很顺利！哈哈，还真让队长说对了！不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹！塘口，这也是游击队6月份鳌太穿越的起点。进塘口的路就在公路边上，路口一个方形拱门，旁边有个加油站。其实塘口登山处就是塘口村五组，沿水泥道一直往南走，在稍往右一拐，就是去登山口的土路，路的两边是蔬菜地。五、9月2日下午3：30进山，塘口--药农窝棚。下午3：30开始进山，很快找到了岔路口。顺小路往上攀登，过了一个小平台，一会就进了山沟里。顺山沟的小路，不停的在溪水两边来回蹦。河沟被洪水冲刷的厉害，没用仔细往右寻路，就一直顺沟往上走，直到7点多，天快擦黑了，却发现前面没路了。根据对路线的研究，这条冲沟的顶端就是火烧破，那么路线应该在右侧的山脊上，于是打开GPS，对照了一下，判断了方位，果断地向右侧攀爬，找到了成熟路线。这时天已经黑了，约8点来到了火烧破前的平台，休息了一下，简单地补充了食物，然后继续前进，约8：30到药农窝棚，扎营。经过了一番周折，风风火火、急急忙忙，终于在2号的下午330到达了登山的起点--塘口。看看这脑海里过了无数遍的景象，真是感慨万千！在村口，边收拾行囊，边和村民闲聊，顺便问了一下前几天下雨的情况。村民说前几天雨很大，很多路都被洪水冲了。看看小路上一道道洪水冲过的沟槽，就知道这雨有多大了。脑子里突然蹦出一个念头：晚进山半天多，未必不是好事，昨晚雨刚停，河沟里全是水，过了这半天，估计水该消退了很多。转念这么一想，心里豁然开朗，和老乡告别，精神抖擞地踏上了征程。进山后看到的景象确实如此！河沟的水基本消退了，但有的地方水还是很大，有的地方甚至要踩着水过去。看看这被洪水冲过的土路。选择合适的位置，迈过溪流，不一会就到了进山的岔路口。志很明显。从岔路口进去，不到10分钟，爬上一处小平台，这儿可以看见蔚蓝的天空。再往前走，进了溪谷，几乎就看不见天了。过了小平台，再往前就进入了沟谷中。沟谷里树林茂密，遮天蔽日。顺着溪流，沿着被洪水冲毁的小道，不断攀升，有时小路就在溪流里，有的地方冲的几乎看不出是小路。太白人参和木通花。没想到，这个季节在鳌山还能吃到破班头，都熟透了，一路不停地吃，权当水果了。顺着沟谷，逆流而上，一直走到晚上640多，看看就要到河谷的尽头了，小路也越来越不明显。继续走了约半个小时，天上越来越暗，还没看到明显的山路。于是决定直接拔上右侧山脊，寻找成熟路线。约7点50左右，找到了成熟路线。继续走了越10分钟，800左右来到了山脊上的平台。这个平台视野开阔，能看到山脊两侧的景致，远处能看见山下的灯火。平台再往前就是火烧坡。平台休息了20分钟，补充了食品和水，看看山路清晰，戴上头灯，继续赶路，到下一个成熟营地--药农窝棚扎营。上了火烧坡，不一会，电话响了！一看是队友打来的。本以为没信号了，竟然来了电话，真是惊喜啊！这时，回头看看，太白县城灯火通明，猛的明白，哈哈，这儿是信号覆盖区啊！不过，再走10多分钟，就又进入盲区了，直到厚畛子才有信号。过了火烧坡，右转，不一会来到药农窝棚，这儿水源很好，营地条件也好，遂决定扎营休息。烧茶喝，做饭吃。等忙活完躺下，已是晚上10点半了。六、9月3日路线：药农窝棚--2900营地--山脊线--盆景园--白起庙--乱石坡--石海--鳌山导航架--西跑马梁--药王庙--麦秸梁--荞麦梁--水窝子垭口--飞机梁--飞机梁垭口。时间：早420--晚620，计14个小时。药农窝棚营地条件不错，地势平坦，水源充足。营地旁边是一条溪流，水哗哗作响，害得我一晚上没怎么睡好！躺在帐篷里翻来覆去，到凌晨2点半就醒了，索性起来，收拾帐篷，生火烤饼，面条就大饼。饭后吃了21维他命，喝了一包板蓝根冲剂和西洋参片煮水。待收拾停当，420，出发。山路清晰，戴上头灯赶路。约40分钟，到达2900营地。这时天还没亮，头灯下观察了一下营地，很宽阔，水源也好。同时，看到了驴友减负留下的小米一袋。还有很多一次性雨衣。还有让人不堪入目的垃圾！2900营地往上，行走在草甸之中，因前几日大雨，草甸泥泞不堪，小路上都成了水道了，只好在比较硬的地方来回蹦。直到将近六点，天边微露晨光，这种泥泞难行的路才算结束。约5;50,走到了山脊上，看见了天边露出了朝霞。6：00.天渐渐亮了，路边的树木也看到清晰了。([]

玄幻:老婆女帝，萌娃大闹九州

卢原士

有一个地方，只要你涉足一次，就足以让你魂牵梦绕一辈子。有一种风景，只要你领略一次，就足以让你回味一生一世———西藏，这个我积淀多年的梦想，这个拥有梦幻般风景的地方、这个离天堂最近的神秘之地。也许2012世界将陷入黑暗，太阳落下，黎明永远不会再来。所以让我们去疯去爱去浪费，去追去梦去后悔，然后微笑着对自己说：这一生，我来过！纳木错关于行程安排和路线设计： https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1549658-pid-24633220.html关于出发前需要了解的： https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1549658-pid-24633260.html关于花费和心得： https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1549658-pid-25149501.htmlPS：奉上此次西藏行和去年长白山的星轨微速摄影作品（其中的场景分别是吉林长白山、西藏然乌湖、西藏来古冰川、西藏南迦巴瓦峰），第二次做,还有许多需要学习的地方，大家别喷我哈：）附上此行的攻略。下载提示：首先点击此链接，（可能显示迅雷下载，但是必须取消），然后鼠点击“如果1秒后下载仍未开始，点此链接”----鼠右键另存为。（切忌不能用迅雷和其它下载软件）攻略部分来自网上驴友分享，大部分具有很高参考价值，该攻略为2012年10月后整理，其中黄色背景的信息为我们强烈推荐的，如和您的出行时间跨度较大，则部分信息可能有所变更，仅供参考，最后预祝大家旅行愉快。（By FD）如果您喜欢我的游记，想要更多地方的攻略也可参考我其他的游记，在此谢谢您的支持！2011.9月漫步童话世界，喀纳斯金秋之约，11日东线徒步游记附全攻略（全文完） https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1014872-1-1.html闭上眼，静听雪落——雾凇岛、长白山、哈尔滨，这个冬季去雪国，附攻略（全文完） https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1148026-1-1.html2012.2月冬游黄山之云端上的世界，附自助全攻略（全文完） https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1178537-1-1.html 在西藏的日日夜夜，那种记忆永生难忘。打开记忆的窗口，先用照片讲述我记忆中的西藏，那梦中的国度。羊卓雍错羊卓雍错羊卓雍错珠峰观景台布达拉宫金色池塘然乌湖然乌湖来古冰川南迦巴瓦纳木错罗布林卡行程安排我们花了差不多5个月的时间，去仔细了解西藏各条热门线路及景点攻略，查找一切能在网上找到的讯息，精心设计了线路，出发前还力邀藏漂了2年同城兄弟“野人”给我们做最后的把关，力求在短暂的旅程中尽可能多地看到西藏各种地形地貌（雪山、森林、湖泊、草原、河流、沼泽、冰川、山脉）和极具代表的景致（纳木错雪景、林芝秋色）。由于时间有限又希望旅程中不只是蜻蜓点水，我们圈定了2个主要景点：纳木错和岗乡自然保护区，为保证主要景点的充分游玩特留有了一定的时间余地，还制定了各种备选方案。一般人甚至是各大攻略网站都认为，西藏最适宜旅行的时候是每年的7月-9月，这时空气氧含量较高，温度适宜。但是同时夏季也是西藏的雨季。即使如今西藏的路况已得到了相当的改善，但也容易在某些路段发生塌方等事故，从而阻碍我们的行程。而秋季不仅是最好的登山季节，此时能窥见平时难得一见的神山圣川，而且10月的林芝地区更是层林尽染美得令人窒息，此外秋季的包车食宿费用也大大低于夏季，对于我们这些经济不算宽裕的普通游客而言更是极大的诱惑。因此我们最终选定了在十一黄金周后错峰出发。我们很清楚自己的定位，我们仅仅是普通的旅行者，不是探险家，也不是地质学家，更不是登山运动员，而且是初次入藏，那些过于偏僻与险峻的地方我们不去；那些需要强健体魄与非凡勇气的高端路线，我们也只有仰头兴叹的份儿。所以，对于珠峰东坡徒步、阿里大环线、墨脱徒步等这些难度太大或时间不允许的线路我们只能可望而不可及。我们的实际行程如下D1 （10月7日）拉萨住：拉萨（海拔3681米）D2 （10月8日）拉萨—羊卓雍错—日喀则 328km 住：日喀则（海拔3836米）D3 （10月9日）日喀则—珠穆朗玛峰 351km 住：珠峰（海拔5200米）D4 （10月10日）珠穆朗玛峰—日喀则 351km 住：日喀则（海拔3836米）D5 （10月11日）日喀则—纳木错 416km 住：纳木错（海拔4718米）D6 （10月12日）纳木错—拉萨 339km 住：拉萨（海拔3681米）D7 （10月13日）拉萨住：拉萨（海拔3681米）D8 （10月14日）拉萨—八一 393km 住：八一（海拔2900米）D9 （10月15日）八一—然乌 352km 住：然乌（海拔3850米）D10（10月16日）然乌—来古冰川 36km（徒步来古冰川）住：来古村（海拔4000米）D11（10月17日）来古冰川—米堆冰川—波密 170km （徒步米堆冰川）住：米堆（海拔2750米）D12（10月18日）波密—岗乡—古乡湖—鲁朗232km（徒步岗乡自然保护区）住：鲁朗（海拔3700米）D13（10月19日）鲁朗—八一 70km （徒步鲁朗无名小湖) 住：八一（海拔2900米）D14（10月20日）八一—派镇—索松村127km(徒步索松村）住：索松村（海拔3200米）D15（10月21日）索松村—林芝机场103km如果去过西藏的朋友，看到以上行程一定会感到非常奇怪，为什么我们没有常规的“先易后难”（先走海拔较低的林芝地区等适应了高原环境后再走珠峰纳木错等高海拔高寒地区），而是奇葩的反其道而行之呢？其实这也是无奈之举，因为纳木错在10月中后旬经常会应下雪而封路无法前往，且10月中下旬正是林芝地区秋意最浓时，同时当我们适应了行程初始的高海拔环境后，行程的后半程就加入更多的徒步路线来更深度地浏览西藏。为了看到最美的景致，我们最终决定：让身体下地狱，让眼睛上天堂！出发前需要了解的：1、高反注意休息，保证足够的睡眠，上高原第一晚，一般睡到两三点钟就会醒，当然是因为缺氧，但一定要静下心来，安静一会，争取再次入睡；第二晚一般会出现入睡困难的情况，不能着急，要平心静气；第三晚一般就会好转。不要喝酒。少洗热水澡，特别是酒后绝对不能洗热水澡。避免剧烈运动。2、物价：在西藏的任何地方吃饭、住宿甚至很多地方的门票，我们都有讲价的过程，其实不是不可能，在商言商，正常情况下最少也可以讲到八折左右的。3、手机通讯如今手机通信基本已全面覆盖，但珠峰、纳木错等少数地区只有移动用户可用。此外，绒布寺、珠峰大本营都没有电，去之前最好带好手机和数码设备的备用电池。4、边防证&包车请参阅1楼附件有详细介绍5、物资准备（秋冬季）：1）墨镜、防晒霜、唇膏、小手电、相机、各类充电、暖宝宝。2）衣物：冲锋衣（雨衣）、抓绒或羽绒服、速干内衣（长袖）、徒步鞋、保暖杯、遮阳帽、头巾、口罩或围巾。3）食品：牛肉干、巧克力、豆腐干。4）药品：泡腾片、感冒药、止泻药、消炎药、创可贴、芬必得/百服宁、抗高反药品：西洋参、葡萄糖针剂、肌苷片、红景天或高原安（提前半月使用）。6、其他注意事项：1）因为高原气候干燥，所以一定要多喝水，多吃水果。吃的东西在拉萨，八一，日喀则补给都非常容易，应有尽有。2）一般认为高原上要多喝水，其实这是个误区，喝水不能过量，会加重心脏负担，所以应该少量多次喝水。3）液体分装，别装满，高原压力影响容易溢出4）西藏旅行，一路上的解手是个问。公共厕所，基本没有干净的，而且公共厕所，基本都是要收费的，一元两元不等。5）食品，一些常规的旅游纪念品，如袋装酥油茶甜茶，牦牛肉干，可去超市选购。6）明信片，拉萨邮局，八一镇邮局，日喀则邮局，都有很多明信片卖，套片18-30元不等，单卖2元一张。珠峰有个邮局11：00-16：00开门，单卖明信片10元一张，珠峰戳可免费敲。7）遇有藏族人来敬酥油茶,为表示礼貌,应尽量不要推却.喝茶时,假如杯中喝剩一点,即表示要继续喝;如果一口气喝光,则表示不想喝了,主人即明白什么意思坐上前往拉萨的飞机，心情无比愉悦，看着窗外连绵的雪山与洁白的巧云，如梦如幻，变化无穷坐上民航大巴到了市区，入住了事先预定的白云藏式家庭旅馆，进门之后发现大堂宽敞明亮，二、三楼是客房。我们住的是四人套间，条件很不错，床位宽大，价格比青旅还低，又离八廓街很近，相当方便。一觉醒来已是六点多钟，心里蹦出一个念头，想去大昭寺看看。下楼发现大门锁着，心怀歉疚地把白云的藏族阿妈叫醒，请她给我们打门，阿妈没有丝毫的怨言，脸上挂着和蔼地微笑。微弱的天幕之光才刚刚开启，八角街上，大昭寺前，朝圣者深深地闭上眼，虔诚地把额头在地面上轻轻一磕，大昭寺门口那光滑如镜的青石板见证着无数次投地匍匐的虔诚。大昭寺前，这充满虔诚朝圣者的地方，连小狗都可以休憩得如此从容清晨的大昭寺定会让你感动藏族人民有一个“先有大昭寺，后有拉萨城”的说法，大昭寺在拉萨市具有中心地位，不仅是地理位置上的，也是社会生活层面的。而拉萨城里，自古以来有三条转经道，它们分别是朗廓、八廓和林廓。转经道分别为三个圆圈。第一个圈在大昭寺里面，称为“朗廓”，也就是“内圈”的意思；第二个圈围绕大昭寺通俗说就是转八廓街，称为“八廓”，意思是“中圈”；第三个围绕大昭寺、药王山、布达拉宫、小昭寺一圈，称为“林廓”，意思是“外圈”。每天清晨，大昭寺前升腾起阵阵桑烟，天地氤氲，万物化醇桑烟袅袅，古树在晨曦中如梦似幻耸立在大昭寺广场的塔钦，每每信徒从下面走过，总要虔诚的驻留片刻，双手合什仰望祷告在这里，随时可能被虔诚礼佛的人们感染。对藏人来说，宗教早已成为他们净化身心、纯洁生活的指引。就算不折不扣的无神论者，来到这里面对如此震慑的架势也会肃

官道天骄

李奕君

Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]

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历史	《满堂娇》	陈思一
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